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Darts needed for a 90 percent bullseye chance

Question

Each dart Yugi throws hits the bullseye with probability 0.10.1, independently of all other throws. What is the fewest number of throws that gives him at least a 90%90\% chance of at least one bullseye?

Short answer

2222. All nn throws miss with probability 0.9n0.9^n, so we need 0.9n≤0.10.9^n\le0.1, i.e. n≥ln⁡0.1ln⁡0.9≈21.85n\ge\tfrac{\ln 0.1}{\ln 0.9}\approx21.85.

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