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Biased walk with up-probability one third reaching 7

Question

A particle starts at 00 on the integer line. At every step it moves up by one with probability p=13p=\tfrac13 and down by one with probability 23\tfrac23, independently of the past. What is the probability that the particle ever visits position 77?

Short answer

1128\tfrac{1}{128}. The chance of ever climbing one level from where you are is p1−p=12\tfrac{p}{1-p}=\tfrac12 (from the equation q=p+(1−p)q2q=p+(1-p)q^2, taking the smaller root). Climbing seven levels needs seven independent such successes, so the answer is (12)7\left(\tfrac12\right)^7.

Adapted from QuantQuestions.io; question and answer rewritten by SelfMadeQuant.com.

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