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Volume shared by two perpendicular unit cylinders

Question

Two infinite circular cylinders, each of radius 11, have axes that meet at a right angle. What is the volume of the region lying inside both?

Short answer

16/316/3. Put the axes along the xx- and yy-directions, so the solids are y2+z2≤1y^2+z^2\le1 and x2+z2≤1x^2+z^2\le1. At height zz the cross-section is a square of side 21−z22\sqrt{1-z^2}, area 4(1−z2)4(1-z^2), and ∫−114(1−z2) dz=163\int_{-1}^{1}4(1-z^2)\,dz=\tfrac{16}{3}.

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