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Leading coefficient of a sum of thousandth powers

Question

The sum ∑k=1nk1000\sum_{k=1}^{n}k^{1000} equals a polynomial in nn whose highest-degree term is a n1001a\,n^{1001}. Find aa.

Short answer

a=11001a=\tfrac{1}{1001}. Dividing by n1001n^{1001} gives the Riemann sum 1n∑(k/n)1000→∫01x1000dx=11001\tfrac1n\sum(k/n)^{1000}\to\int_0^1x^{1000}dx=\tfrac{1}{1001}, which must equal the leading coefficient.

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