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Total cubes in a staircase pile on a 20 by 20 board

Question

A 20×2020\times20 board has a single cube on one corner square. Every square one step further south or east carries one more cube than its neighbour, so the square ii steps south and jj steps east of that corner holds 1+i+j1+i+j cubes. How many cubes are on the board altogether?

Short answer

80008000. Sum 1+i+j1+i+j over i,j∈{0,…,19}i,j\in\{0,\dots,19\}: 400400 from the ones plus 2⋅20⋅∑i=019i=40⋅190=76002\cdot20\cdot\sum_{i=0}^{19}i=40\cdot190=7600, giving 8000=2038000=20^3. Pairing each square with its mirror image across the anti-diagonal (sums 1+i+j1+i+j and 39−i−j39-i-j) shows the average is 2020 per square.

Adapted from Crack, Heard on the Street, Q1.38, p.17; question and answer rewritten by SelfMadeQuant.com.

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