Score from splitting 1000 coins down to singletons
Question
Begin with one heap of coins. At each step choose a heap of size at least , divide it into two heaps of sizes and , and score points. Continue until every heap holds one coin. What total score results?
Short answer
, whatever splits you make. Each split of and separates exactly pairs of coins, and every pair of coins is separated exactly once, so the total is . (Induction on shows the score is always .)
Adapted from Zhou, A Practical Guide to Quantitative Finance Interviews, sec. 2.8 Math Induction, 'Coin split problem', p.26; question and answer rewritten by SelfMadeQuant.com.
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Open the worked solutionLessons behind this question
- Sample Spaces, Events, and the Probability Axioms
- Conditional Probability, Total Probability, and Bayes' Rule
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