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Eigenvalues of a 30 by 30 matrix with constant off-diagonal

Question

Let AA be the 30×3030\times30 matrix whose diagonal entries all equal 3030 and whose off-diagonal entries all equal 11. It has exactly two distinct eigenvalues λ1,λ2\lambda_1,\lambda_2, with geometric multiplicities g1,g2g_1,g_2. Writing λ=(λ1,λ2)T\lambda=(\lambda_1,\lambda_2)^T and g=(g1,g2)Tg=(g_1,g_2)^T, compute ∥λ+g∥2\|\lambda+g\|^2.

Short answer

69646964. Write A=J+29IA=J+29I where JJ is the all-ones matrix, whose eigenvalues are 3030 (once, eigenvector of ones) and 00 (2929 times). So AA has eigenvalue 5959 with multiplicity 11 and 2929 with multiplicity 2929 (AA is symmetric, so these are geometric). Then λ+g=(60,58)\lambda+g=(60,58) and 602+582=696460^2+58^2=6964 (the order does not matter).

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