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Two random points on a square's edge over unit apart

Question

Two points are chosen independently and uniformly on the perimeter of a square with side 11. The probability that they are more than 11 apart equals c−πd\tfrac{c-\pi}{d}. Find cd\tfrac cd.

Short answer

3/43/4. Given the side of the first point, the second is on the same side (14\tfrac14, never more than 11 apart), the opposite side (14\tfrac14, always more than 11 apart almost surely) or an adjacent side (12\tfrac12, apart iff x2+y2>1x^2+y^2>1, probability 1−π41-\tfrac\pi4). The total is 34−π8=6−π8\tfrac34-\tfrac\pi8=\tfrac{6-\pi}{8}.

Adapted from QuantQuestions.io; question and answer rewritten by SelfMadeQuant.com.

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