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Three stages of dice whose counts come from previous sums

Question

Roll one fair die and call the result NN. Then roll NN fair dice and let MM be their total. Finally roll MM fair dice and let SS be their total. What is E[S]\mathbb{E}[S]?

Short answer

3438\tfrac{343}{8}. For a random number KK of independent dice, the tower property gives E[total]=72 E[K]\mathbb{E}[\text{total}]=\tfrac72\,\mathbb{E}[K]. Applying this twice, E[M]=(72)2\mathbb{E}[M]=(\tfrac72)^2 and E[S]=(72)3=3438\mathbb{E}[S]=(\tfrac72)^3=\tfrac{343}{8}.

Adapted from QuantQuestions.io; question and answer rewritten by SelfMadeQuant.com.

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