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Lowest common correlation for seven variables

Question

Seven random variables X1,…,X7X_1,\dots,X_7 each have mean 00 and variance 11, and every pair of them has the same correlation ρ\rho. What is the smallest value ρ\rho can take?

Short answer

−16-\tfrac16. The variance of the sum is 7+7⋅6 ρ7+7\cdot 6\,\rho and cannot be negative, so ρ≥−16\rho\ge-\tfrac16. The bound is attained, e.g. by centring seven i.i.d. variables around their sample mean and rescaling, which makes the sum identically zero.

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