Frog tour of eight pads with a single backward hop
Question
Eight lily pads in a row are numbered to from left to right, and a frog starts on pad . On every hop it jumps to a pad it has never visited, chosen uniformly from those still unvisited, until all eight pads have been visited. What is the probability that exactly one of its hops goes to the left?
Short answer
. The visiting order of pads is a uniformly random permutation of seven items, and leftward hops are its descents (the first hop is always rightward). Permutations of items with exactly one descent number (the Eulerian number), so the probability is .
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Open the worked solutionLessons behind this question
- Counting and Combinatorics
- Sample Spaces, Events, and the Probability Axioms
- Conditional Probability, Total Probability, and Bayes' Rule
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