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Expected hitting time of +1 for a fair walk

Question

A particle starts at 00 on the integers and at each step moves up or down by one with equal probability 12\tfrac12. What is the expected number of steps until it first reaches position 11? If this expectation is infinite, answer −1-1.

Short answer

−1-1 (the expectation is infinite). Conditioning on the first step gives m=1+12⋅2mm=1+\tfrac12\cdot 2m, i.e. m=1+mm=1+m, which has no finite solution. The walk reaches 11 with probability one, but the hitting time has a heavy tail (P(T>n)∼c/nP(T>n)\sim c/\sqrt n), so its mean diverges.

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