Bouncing particles leaving a one-metre rod
Question
A segment one metre long carries point particles, each placed at an independent uniformly random position and each moving left or right at metre per second. Whenever two particles meet they instantly reverse direction, keeping the same speed. A particle leaves when it reaches an end of the segment. What is the expected time until every particle has left?
Short answer
seconds. Swapping labels at each collision shows the particles behave as if they pass through one another. Each 'ghost' particle exits after a time equal to its distance to the end it faces, which is uniform on . The last exit is the maximum of independent uniforms, with mean .
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Open the worked solutionLessons behind this question
- Sample Spaces, Events, and the Probability Axioms
- Expectation, Mean, and Variance
- Conditional Expectation and Variance Revisited
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