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Blue pair of dice outscoring the red pair

Question

Four fair six-sided dice are thrown: two are red and two are blue. What is the probability that the total on the blue dice is strictly greater than the total on the red dice?

Short answer

575/1296575/1296. The blue and red totals are identically distributed, so blue-higher and red-higher are equally likely and the answer is 12(1−P(tie))\tfrac12(1-P(\text{tie})). A tie has probability ∑scs2/1296=146/1296\sum_s c_s^2/1296 = 146/1296, where csc_s counts the ways two dice make ss (1,2,…,6,…,2,1). Hence 12⋅11501296=5751296\tfrac12\cdot\tfrac{1150}{1296}=\tfrac{575}{1296}.

Adapted from QuantQuestions.io; question and answer rewritten by SelfMadeQuant.com.

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