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Choosing Monte Carlo or a binomial tree

Question

When is Monte Carlo the better pricing method, and when is a binomial (or other lattice) method preferable?

Short answer

Trees for low-dimensional problems with early exercise; Monte Carlo for high-dimensional or strongly path-dependent payoffs. A lattice handles American exercise naturally and gives fast, smooth prices and Greeks, but its cost explodes with the number of factors. Monte Carlo's error shrinks like 1/N1/\sqrt N independently of dimension and copes easily with path dependence (Asians, baskets, LMM), but early exercise needs extra machinery such as Longstaff-Schwartz and Greeks are noisier.

Adapted from Joshi, Denson & Downes, Quant Job Interview Questions and Answers, Q2.55, p.21; question and answer rewritten by SelfMadeQuant.com.

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