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Number whose first six multiples permute its digits

Question

Find a positive integer that can be multiplied by each of 1,2,3,4,51,2,3,4,5 and 66 without any new digit appearing in the products (each product uses only digits of the original number).

Short answer

142857142857. It is the repeating block of 17=0.142857‾\tfrac17=0.\overline{142857}, and k⋅142857k\cdot142857 for k=1,…,6k=1,\dots,6 is the repeating block of k7\tfrac{k}{7}, which is a cyclic shift of the same six digits (e.g. 2×142857=2857142\times142857=285714).

Adapted from QuantQuestions.io; question and answer rewritten by SelfMadeQuant.com.

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