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Fibonacci numbers as decimal digits

Question

Let (Fk)(F_k) be the Fibonacci sequence starting from zero and one, where every later term is the sum of the two before it (0,1,1,2,3,5,…0,1,1,2,3,5,\dots). Compute S=∑k=0∞Fk10k+1.S=\sum_{k=0}^{\infty}\frac{F_k}{10^{k+1}}.

Short answer

1/891/89. Use the generating function G(x)=∑Fkxk=x1−x−x2G(x)=\sum F_kx^k=\dfrac{x}{1-x-x^2}. Then S=110G ⁣(110)=110⋅0.11−0.1−0.01=0.010.89=189S=\tfrac1{10}G\!\left(\tfrac1{10}\right)=\tfrac1{10}\cdot\dfrac{0.1}{1-0.1-0.01}=\dfrac{0.01}{0.89}=\tfrac1{89}.

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