Returns, yields, spreads, and short rates arrive in time order. Their past may help forecast the conditional mean or variance. This topic teaches how to check that claim: fit stationary ARMA models, diagnose unit roots, test equilibrium combinations, and model volatility clustering. A predictive pattern still needs out-of-sample evaluation before it supports a decision.
By the end of this note you should be able to:
- identify, estimate, and diagnose stationary ARMA models and state Wold, stationarity, and invertibility conditions;
- distinguish I(0) from I(1), recognise spurious regression, and apply DF/ADF/PP at textbook level;
- test and model cointegration with Engle–Granger, ECMs, and Johansen as the system extension;
- test for ARCH effects and estimate GARCH by QMLE with robust inference.
In this lesson
- Contents
- The big picture
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