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Proving the area formula from the three side lengths

Question

For a triangle with side lengths a,b,ca,b,c, let s=a+b+c2s=\tfrac{a+b+c}{2}. Show that its area equals s(s−a)(s−b)(s−c)\sqrt{s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)}.

Short answer

Use Area=12absin⁡C\text{Area}=\tfrac12ab\sin C with the law of cosines. Then 16 Area2=4a2b2−(a2+b2−c2)216\,\text{Area}^2=4a^2b^2-(a^2+b^2-c^2)^2. Factor this difference of squares twice into (a+b+c)(−a+b+c)(a−b+c)(a+b−c)=16 s(s−a)(s−b)(s−c)(a+b+c)(-a+b+c)(a-b+c)(a+b-c)=16\,s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c), and take square roots.

Adapted from Crack, Heard on the Street, Q1.29, p.15; question and answer rewritten by SelfMadeQuant.com.

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