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Origin-to-plane distance with a Lagrange multiplier

Question

How far is the plane 2x+3y+4z=122x+3y+4z=12 from the origin?

Short answer

12/29≈2.22812/\sqrt{29}\approx2.228. Minimise x2+y2+z2x^2+y^2+z^2 subject to the constraint: the Lagrange condition makes (x,y,z)(x,y,z) parallel to the normal (2,3,4)(2,3,4), so the nearest point is 1229(2,3,4)\tfrac{12}{29}(2,3,4), at distance 12/4+9+1612/\sqrt{4+9+16}.

Adapted from Zhou, A Practical Guide to Quantitative Finance Interviews, sec. 3.4 Important Calculus Methods, 'Lagrange multipliers', p.45; question and answer rewritten by SelfMadeQuant.com.

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