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Medal outcomes for six sprinters when ties allowed

Question

Six runners race. Ties are allowed. Gold goes to every runner with nobody ahead of them, silver to every runner with exactly one runner ahead, and bronze to every runner with exactly two runners ahead. Count the number of distinct ways the medals can be handed out.

Short answer

873873. Split by the pattern of medals: only golds (k≥3k\ge3 tied winners), gold then silver (exactly one gold, ≥2\ge2 silvers), gold then bronze (exactly two golds, ≥1\ge1 bronze), or one gold, one silver and ≥1\ge1 bronze. Summing binomial counts over these cases gives 42+156+225+450=87342+156+225+450=873; a brute-force enumeration of all finishing orders confirms it.

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