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Weighting two correlated assets for minimum variance

Question

Let XX and YY be jointly normal with standard deviations σX,σY\sigma_X,\sigma_Y and correlation ρ\rho. Find non-negative weights aa and bb with a+b=1a+b=1 that make Var⁡(aX+bY)\operatorname{Var}(aX+bY) as small as possible.

Short answer

a∗=σY2−ρσXσYσX2+σY2−2ρσXσYa^*=\dfrac{\sigma_Y^2-\rho\sigma_X\sigma_Y}{\sigma_X^2+\sigma_Y^2-2\rho\sigma_X\sigma_Y}, b∗=1−a∗b^*=1-a^*, clipped to [0,1][0,1]. Set the derivative of a2σX2+(1−a)2σY2+2a(1−a)ρσXσYa^2\sigma_X^2+(1-a)^2\sigma_Y^2+2a(1-a)\rho\sigma_X\sigma_Y to zero; the variance is a convex quadratic in aa. If the formula falls outside [0,1][0,1] (e.g. ρ>σX/σY\rho>\sigma_X/\sigma_Y with σX<σY\sigma_X<\sigma_Y), put all weight on the lower-variance variable. Normality is not needed.

Adapted from Crack, Heard on the Street, Q1.36, p.16; question and answer rewritten by SelfMadeQuant.com.

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