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Two boys given a boy born on a Friday

Question

A couple has two children, and you learn that at least one of them is a boy who was born on a Friday. Assume each child is independently a boy or a girl with probability 12\tfrac12 each, and is born on any of the seven weekdays with equal probability, independently of sex. What is the probability that both children are boys?

Short answer

1327\tfrac{13}{27}. A child is a Friday-born boy with probability 114\tfrac1{14}. The chance at least one child is a Friday boy is 1−(1314)2=271961-\left(\tfrac{13}{14}\right)^2=\tfrac{27}{196}, while the chance both are boys and at least one is a Friday boy is 14(1−(67)2)=13196\tfrac14\left(1-\left(\tfrac67\right)^2\right)=\tfrac{13}{196}. The ratio is 1327\tfrac{13}{27}.

Adapted from QuantQuestions.io; question and answer rewritten by SelfMadeQuant.com.

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