Top two seeds meeting in a king-of-the-hill final
Question
Fifty players numbered to share a single table; whenever two players meet, the higher number always wins. The first match is between two players chosen at random. After each match the loser is eliminated and the winner plays a new opponent drawn at random from those who have not yet played, until only one player is left ( matches). What is the probability that the last match is between players and ?
Short answer
. The order in which players enter is a uniformly random permutation. Once or is in, they keep winning, so and meet in the final exactly when one of them is the very last player to enter. Each has probability of being last, giving .
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Open the worked solutionLessons behind this question
- Counting and Combinatorics
- Sample Spaces, Events, and the Probability Axioms
- Conditional Probability, Total Probability, and Bayes' Rule
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