Re-tossing tails only in pairs
Question
You toss four fair coins together. After seeing the result you may re-toss any two coins that currently show tails (two at a time; a lone tail cannot be re-tossed by itself), and you may repeat this as long as at least two tails are showing. Following the rule of re-tossing a pair of tails whenever you can, what is the expected total number of individual coin tosses, counting the initial four, until no further move is possible?
Short answer
. Let be the expected extra tosses with heads showing; . Each pair re-toss costs 2 and adds 0, 1 or 2 heads with probabilities , giving , , . Averaging over the binomial first toss, .
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Open the worked solutionLessons behind this question
- Counting and Combinatorics
- Expectation, Mean, and Variance
- Conditional Expectation and Variance Revisited
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