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Most throws keeping a small-sum chance under half

Question

A pair of fair dice is thrown nn times. Let pp be the probability that in at least one of these throws the two faces add up to 44 or less. What is the largest nn for which p<0.5p<0.5?

Short answer

n=3n=3. A single throw has sum at most 44 with probability 636=16\tfrac{6}{36}=\tfrac16, so p=1−(5/6)np=1-(5/6)^n. Since (5/6)3≈0.579>0.5(5/6)^3\approx0.579>0.5 but (5/6)4≈0.482<0.5(5/6)^4\approx0.482<0.5, the largest valid nn is 33.

Adapted from QuantQuestions.io; question and answer rewritten by SelfMadeQuant.com.

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