First card outranking the second card drawn
Question
Two cards are taken without replacement from a shuffled -card deck, where only rank matters (two through ace) and suits do not break ties. What is the probability that the first card has strictly higher rank than the second?
Short answer
. The second card has the same rank as the first with probability . Otherwise one is higher, and by symmetry each card is equally likely to be the higher one: . (If suits broke ties, the answer would be exactly .)
Adapted from Joshi, Denson & Downes, Quant Job Interview Questions and Answers, Q3.18, p.82; question and answer rewritten by SelfMadeQuant.com.
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Open the worked solutionLessons behind this question
- Counting and Combinatorics
- Sample Spaces, Events, and the Probability Axioms
- Conditional Probability, Total Probability, and Bayes' Rule
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