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First card outranking the second card drawn

Question

Two cards are taken without replacement from a shuffled 5252-card deck, where only rank matters (two through ace) and suits do not break ties. What is the probability that the first card has strictly higher rank than the second?

Short answer

8/178/17. The second card has the same rank as the first with probability 351=117\tfrac{3}{51}=\tfrac1{17}. Otherwise one is higher, and by symmetry each card is equally likely to be the higher one: 12⋅1617=817\tfrac12\cdot\tfrac{16}{17}=\tfrac8{17}. (If suits broke ties, the answer would be exactly 12\tfrac12.)

Adapted from Joshi, Denson & Downes, Quant Job Interview Questions and Answers, Q3.18, p.82; question and answer rewritten by SelfMadeQuant.com.

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