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Expected crossings among ten random chords

Question

Each of 1010 chords on a circle is drawn by picking both of its endpoints independently and uniformly on the circumference. On average, how many pairs of chords cross each other?

Short answer

1515. Two chords have four endpoints, and all three ways of matching those four points into two chords are equally likely; exactly one matching crosses, so a given pair intersects with probability 13\tfrac13. By linearity over the (102)=45\binom{10}{2}=45 pairs, the expectation is 45/3=1545/3=15.

Adapted from QuantQuestions.io; question and answer rewritten by SelfMadeQuant.com.

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