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Even stopping time for a first repeated face

Question

A fair coin is tossed repeatedly, stopping as soon as two successive tosses agree (HH or TT). Find the chance that an even number of tosses was needed.

Short answer

2/32/3. Stopping at toss nn forces the first n−1n-1 tosses to alternate and the nnth to repeat, so P(N=n)=2−(n−1)\mathbb{P}(N=n)=2^{-(n-1)} for n≥2n\ge2. Summing over even nn: 12+18+⋯=23\tfrac12+\tfrac18+\cdots=\tfrac23.

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