Skip to content

Cutting chain links until only the top orb is left

Question

Seven orbs, numbered 11 through 77 from the top, hang in a vertical chain; orb 11 is fixed to the ceiling and consecutive orbs are joined by single links. At each step one of the links still present is chosen uniformly at random and cut, and everything hanging below the cut drops away and breaks. On average, how many cuts are made before orb 11 is the only orb remaining?

Short answer

4920\tfrac{49}{20}. With nn links, the first cut is uniform among them and leaves a uniformly random number 0,…,n−10,\dots,n-1 of links, so an=1+1n∑k<naka_n=1+\tfrac1n\sum_{k<n}a_k, which simplifies to an=an−1+1na_n=a_{n-1}+\tfrac1n. Hence an=Hna_n=H_n, and six links give H6=4920H_6=\tfrac{49}{20}.

Adapted from QuantQuestions.io; question and answer rewritten by SelfMadeQuant.com.

See the hint and the full worked solution in the question bank (free account).

Open the worked solution

Lessons behind this question

Start with a free lesson: Expectation, Variance and Covariance is part of a free topic. Create a free account, no card needed, to read it in full with worked solutions.

Read it free