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Bayes for heavy preparers among offer holders

Question

Among students, 25%25\% prepare heavily on a study platform, 30%30\% prepare lightly and 45%45\% do not use it. A heavy user is twice as likely to land an offer as a light user, and a light user is twice as likely as a non-user. Given that a student has an offer, what is the probability that they were a heavy user?

Short answer

2041\tfrac{20}{41}. Let non-users succeed with probability pp, so light users have 2p2p and heavy users 4p4p. By Bayes, the posterior is 0.25⋅4p0.25⋅4p+0.3⋅2p+0.45⋅p=12.05=2041\tfrac{0.25\cdot4p}{0.25\cdot4p+0.3\cdot2p+0.45\cdot p}=\tfrac{1}{2.05}=\tfrac{20}{41}; the unknown pp cancels.

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