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Variance-minimising hedge ratio between two stocks

Question

You are long one share of stock A and short hh shares of stock B. What value of hh minimises the variance of the combined position's value?

Short answer

h=Cov⁡(A,B)Var⁡(B)=ρσAσBh=\tfrac{\operatorname{Cov}(A,B)}{\operatorname{Var}(B)}=\rho\tfrac{\sigma_A}{\sigma_B}. The variance is σA2−2hCov⁡(A,B)+h2σB2\sigma_A^2-2h\operatorname{Cov}(A,B)+h^2\sigma_B^2, a quadratic in hh minimised where its derivative vanishes. This is the regression slope of A on B, and the remaining variance is σA2(1−ρ2)\sigma_A^2(1-\rho^2).

Adapted from Zhou, A Practical Guide to Quantitative Finance Interviews, sec. 4.5 Expected Value, Variance & Covariance, 'Optimal hedge ratio', p.93; question and answer rewritten by SelfMadeQuant.com.

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