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How a call's price curve evolves to expiry

Question

Draw the value of a European call as a function of the underlying price, and explain how the picture changes as expiry approaches.

Short answer

A smooth convex curve lying above the hockey-stick payoff, which sinks onto it as time passes. The value is near zero far out of the money, approaches S−Ke−rτS-Ke^{-r\tau} deep in the money, and lies furthest above intrinsic value near the strike, where time value is largest. As expiry nears the curve tightens onto max⁡(S−K,0)\max(S-K,0), with the kink at KK becoming sharper (gamma concentrates at the strike).

Adapted from Joshi, Denson & Downes, Quant Job Interview Questions and Answers, Q2.8, p.17; question and answer rewritten by SelfMadeQuant.com.

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