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Survivor when every second person in a circle of 100 falls

Question

One hundred people stand in a circle labelled 11 to 100100. Person 11 eliminates person 22 and hands the sword to person 33, who eliminates person 44, and so on around the circle, each surviving holder removing the next living person. Who is the last person left?

Short answer

Person 73. This is the Josephus problem with step 2. Write n=2m+ℓn=2^m+\ell with 2m2^m the largest power of two not above nn; the survivor is 2ℓ+12\ell+1. Here 100=64+36100=64+36, giving 7373.

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