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Repeated handshake counts at a 26-person party

Question

There are 2626 people at a party, one of whom is a late arrival who shakes hands with each of the other 2525. Other handshakes happen arbitrarily, with no one shaking the same person's hand twice. Must there be two people who shook exactly the same number of hands?

Short answer

Yes. Everyone has shaken at least one hand (the late arrival's) and at most 2525, so the counts lie in {1,…,25}\{1,\dots,25\}. There are only 2525 possible values for 2626 people, so by pigeonhole two counts coincide.

Adapted from Zhou, A Practical Guide to Quantitative Finance Interviews, sec. 2.6 The Pigeon Hole Principle, 'Handshakes', p.20; question and answer rewritten by SelfMadeQuant.com.

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