Mean of ten-digit numbers with digits near their place
Question
Write a ten-digit number as (leading digit ). Consider all such numbers in which every digit differs from its place index by at most one, i.e. for . What is the average of these numbers?
Short answer
. The digits are chosen independently and uniformly from their allowed sets: , , and otherwise, with means , and . By linearity the average is (the middle digits at their means, units , leading ) shifted by , i.e. .
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