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Five tasters, three months of poison testing

Question

Exactly one of nn kegs is poisoned. Five servants volunteer to taste for a period of 33 months; anyone who drinks from the poisoned keg dies exactly one month after drinking, and safe kegs are harmless. What is the largest nn for which the king can always identify the poisoned keg?

Short answer

1024. Each servant now has four possible fates: dies after a month-1, month-2 or month-3 tasting, or survives. Write keg labels in base 44 with five digits; digit r>0r>0 for servant kk means servant kk tastes that keg in month rr. The pattern of deaths and their timing decodes the keg, giving 45=10244^5=1024.

Adapted from QuantQuestions.io; question and answer rewritten by SelfMadeQuant.com.

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